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QUESTION 1
A company has an IRF-based, 2-tier FlexFabric architecture in its data center. The company is now increasing the amount of server virtualization and also adding more redundant connections across the network infrastructure backbone. Which benefit does software-defined networking (SDN) provide for this FlexFabric solution?
A. SDN applications can extend the virtual switches inside hosts into the control plane of multiple physical infrastructure devices.
B. SDN can help core routing switches handle more routing table entries without sacrificing performance.
C. SDN extends the SNMP MIBs to include MIBs for virtual switches.
D. SDN applications can help to provision network connectivity for virtual machines and to forward traffic across complex meshes of links
Correct Answer: A Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Q: What is HP’s SDN strategy?
A: Virtual Application Networks represent HP’s software-defined network vision. By leveraging SDN-enabled infrastructure, control plane, applications and integrated management systems HP is creating an open ecosystem to drive new innovation in networking.
Q: What is the HP Virtual Application Networks SDN Controller?
A: The HP Virtual Application Networks SDN controller is an integral part of HP’s Virtual Application Networks offering. The controller acts as the central building block for an abstracted control plane in the SDN architecture.
Reference: Virtual Application Networks Overview http://h20195.www2.hp.com/V2/GetPDF.aspx/4AA4-4714ENW.pdf? jumpid=em_r1165_ww/en/large/eg/ RelatedLink/Virtual_Application_Networks_Overview_FAQs/resourc efinder/Jan_2013
QUESTION 2
What are challenges when selecting traffic from UC&C soft devices for marking, in order to apply the appropriate prioritization? (Select two.)
A. UC&C traffic uses dynamic port numbers.
B. UC&C traffic is not peer-to-peer
C. UC&C traffic is routable.
D. UC&C traffic uses well-known port numbers.
E. UC&C traffic can share a port, mac, and VLAN combination with non-UC&C traffic.
Correct Answer: CD Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
C: UC&C signaling can be routed through centralized UC&C infrastructure components and that all
interactions.
D (not A): UC&C signaling traffic is identified using the well know transport and port numbers used by the
UC&C signaling protocol.
Reference: Automating QoS (page 7, bullet # 2) http://johnacook.files.wordpress.com/2014/03/2014_02_27_use_case.pdf
QUESTION 3
What are the addressing requirements for an HP VAN SDN Controller team?
A. A team requires two IP addresses for each controller, plus one IP address assigned to the team.
B. A team requires one IP address for each controller, plus one IP address assigned to the team.
C. A team requires one IP address, and members communicate using their MAC addresses.
D. A team requires one IP address for each controller; each is configured with the same multicast address.
Correct Answer: B Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation: A team requires one IP address for each controller, plus one IP address assigned to the team. If the current team manager goes down, the failover process includes keeping the team IP address active on the new team manager. Reference: HP VAN SDN Controller Administrator Guide
http://h20566.www2.hp.com/portal/site/hpsc/template.BINARYPORTLET/public/kb/docDisplay/resourc e.process/? spf_p.tpst=kbDocDisplay_ws_BI&spf_p.rid_kbDocDisplay=docDisplayResURL&javax.portlet.begCach eTok=com.vignette.cachetoken&spf_p.rst_kbDocDisplay=wsrp-resourceState%3DdocId%253Demr_na-(page 54) c04003114-2%257CdocLocale%253D&javax.portlet.endCacheTok=com.vignette.cachetoken
QUESTION 4
What is one benefit of a software-defined networking (SDN) solution for a WAN?
A. SDN applications can automatically deploy key services on branch zl or MSR modules in case of a failed WAN connection.
B. SDN applications provide a remote connection to servers so that remote IT staff can identify and resolve issues.
C. SDN applications provide a graphical interface for scripting CLI commands for multiple branches at once.
D. SDN applications can adjust WAN bandwidth provisioning granularly, dynamically, and intelligently.
Correct Answer: D Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Software-defined networking (SDN) is an architecture purporting to be dynamic, manageable, cost-
effective, and adaptable, seeking to be suitable for the high-bandwidth, dynamic nature of today’s
applications.
The SDN architecture is:
Directly programmable: Network control is directly programmable because it is decoupled from forwarding
functions.
Agile: Abstracting control from forwarding lets administrators dynamically adjust network-wide traffic flow to
meet changing needs.
Reference: Wikipedia, Software-defined networking
QUESTION 5
Which OpenFlow version introduces multiple flow tables?
A. 1.0
B. 1.1
C. 1.2
D. 1.3
Correct Answer: D Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Openflow 1.3.1: Support for multiple flow tables is introduced Reference: Open Flow 1.3.1 Support: Controller View https://wiki.opendaylight.org/images/d/dc/Openflow1.3_Support_for_Opendaylight.pdf
QUESTION 6
An administrator wants to secure the connection between an HP Provision switch and HP VAN SDN Controller. What is the recommended approach to securing the OpenFlow messages?
A. Use CA-signed certificates on an HP VAN SDN Controller and the HP Provision switches, and then use TLS to secure communication.
B. Use OpenFlow message type 5 on the auxiliary channel to secure OpenFlow messages.
C. Use an IPsec VPN between the HP Provision switch and the HP VAN SDN Controller to secure OpenFlow messages.
D. Use self-signed certificates on an HP VAN SDN Controller and the HP Provision switches, and then use TLS to secure communication.
Correct Answer: A Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
The Openflow controller component relies on PKI to establish mutual trust (2-way SSL) between itself and the Openflow switches that it manages.
Please note that both the Controller and Device certificates must be signed by the same CA, so that the TLS connection will be established.
Reference: HP VAN SDN Controller Administrator Guide
QUESTION 7
A customer has a network consisting of 90 switches running OpenFlow 1.0. High Availability is not required as a hybrid network is being used. Which license types does the customer need to purchase? (Select two.)
A. HP VAN SDN Ctrl 100-node E-LTU
B. HP VAN SDN Ctrl HA E-LTU
C. HP VAN SDN Ctrl Base SWw/ 100-node E-LTU
D. HP VAN SDN Ctrl Base SW w/ 50-node E-LTU
E. HP VAN SDN Ctrl 50-node E-LTU
Correct Answer: DE Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
The following licenses are available for the HP VAN SDN Controller:
* (D) Base controller license (HP VAN SDN Ctrl Base SW w/ 50node E-LTU)–Enables the HP VAN SDN Controller to communicate with up to 50 OpenFlow switches. This license is a prerequisite for the other licenses, and must be installed for you to receive technical support during your first 90 days of use. *(E) Base controller plus 50 “Add Nodes” license (HP VAN SDN Ctrl 50node E-LTU)– Extends by 50 the number of switches the base controller can communicate with using OpenFlow. In addition, you can install the Add Nodes license multiple times. For example: If you install one Add Nodes license on an HP VAN SDN Controller with a base license present, the total number of OpenFlow switches supported is 100. If you install three Add Nodes licenses on an HP VAN SDN controller with a base license, the total number of OpenFlow switches supported is 200. Etc.
Reference: HP VAN SDN Controller License Registration and Activation Guide
QUESTION 8
An SDN developer wants to develop a new OpenFlow proactive application using the HP VAN SDN Controller. The controller is configured with IP address 192.168.56.7 and is using release 2.0. The developer is unsure of the REST APIs available on the controller.
To which URL should you recommend the developer navigate?
A. https://192.168.56.7:8443/api
B. https://192.168.56.7:8443/sdn/ui
C. http://192.168.56.7:8443/api
D. http://192.168.56.7:8443/sdn/ui
Correct Answer: A Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
{base uri}/{api}
This is an unauthenticated API
Use https not http.
Example:
https://15.255.121.2:8443/api
Response codes
· Normal: OK (200)
· Error: Not Found (404), Service Unavailable (503) Reference: HP VAN SDN Controller 2.2 REST AP
QUESTION 9
A customer wants to deploy an HP ProVision-based network with laptops daisy chained to physical IP phones. The customer also wants the laptop traffic to be managed by OpenFlow, while the phones use traditional QoS. Which OpenFlow switch instance configuration option should the customer use?
A. QoS passthrough
B. Aggregate
C. Virtualization
D. Passive
Correct Answer: C Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
QUESTION 10
What is an advantage of using the HP Network Optimizer SDN application with UC&C applications rather than just the SDN applications?
A. It enables the QoS trust boundary to be shifted to the switch.
B. It enables the UC&C Client to select the UC&C application server optimally located for them.
C. It removes the need for queuing.
D. It enables QoS verification for BYOD.
Correct Answer: D Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
The first capability that’s implemented is the ability of the Lync server (or any communications server, potentially) to dynamically provide to the network controller the IP addresses/ports of the paired endpoints of a real time flow. This enables the network to mark, without deep packet inspection, those flows with a CoS/QoS tag that will give them the proper treatment in the network. This becomes a positive identification of “authorized” real-time flows; any device/flow trying to use that tagging that is not “authorized” through the API can automatically be re-tagged to a best effort service class.
This technique has a number of critical advantages over current techniques. When compared to the typical VLAN, it enables positive tagging of a variety of devices, including BYOD and potentially other systems that might have multiple traffic types (e.g., a PC running a soft client or a tablet).
In addition, when compared to deep packet inspection at each access element, it reduces cost as well as eliminating the errors and complexity that encryption of the packet stream can introduce.
Reference: HP and Microsoft Demo OpenFlow-Lync Applications-optimized Network
QUESTION 11
Which technology can be used in OpenFlow 1.3 that allows rate limiting of packets that are sent to the SDN Controller?
A. Slicing
B. sFlow support
C. Meter on IP ToS/DSCP bits
D. Meter table
Correct Answer: D Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Per-flow meters OpenFlow 1.3 brings support for per-flow meters. These can be attached to flow entries and can measure and control the rate of packets. One of the main applications of perflow meters is to rate limit packets sent to the controller.
Reference: Production-ready SDN with OpenFlow 1.3
http://h17007.www1.hp.com/docs/interop/2013/37958_HPN_SDN_Openflow_Brief_042913_lo.pdf (page 2)
QUESTION 12
What is used by the HP VAN SDN Controllers for internal communication between controllers?
A. REST API Token
B. Admin ToKen
C. Auth ToKen
D. Service Token
Correct Answer: D Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
The Service token is used for internal communication between controllers and is not exposed to the user.
Reference: HP VAN SDN Controller Administrator Guide, Service and Admin Tokens
QUESTION 13
What is a key feature of cloud computing?
A. server virtualization
B. network management virtualization
C. user self-provisioning
D. software-defined networking
Correct Answer: A Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation: Virtualization is a foundational element of cloud computing and helps deliver on the value of cloud computing. Cloud computing is the delivery of shared computing resources, software or data — as a service and on-demand through the Internet Reference: Virtualization vs. Cloud Computing: What’s the Difference? http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5791-virtualization-vs-cloud-computing.html
QUESTION 14
An administrator wants to navigate to the HP VAN SDN Controller graphical user interface to view options such as the OpenFlow Topology, Alerts, and installed applications. Which URL is correct for release 2.0 of the HP VAN SDN Controller configured with IP address 192.168.56.7?
A. https://192.168.56.7:8443/api
B. https://192.168.56.7:8080/sdn/ui
C. https://192.168.56.7:8443/sdn/ui
D. http://192.168.56.7:8443/sdn/ui
Correct Answer: C Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Start the SDN Graphical User Interface
1.
Use the Google Chrome browser to access the controller’s GUI at the controller IP address:
https://<controller_ip_addr>:8443/sdn/ui
For example:
https://127.0.0.1:8443/sdn/ui
2.
Enter user name and password credentials, then click Login.
The default user name is “sdn”.
The default password is “skyline”.
The main controller GUI screen then appears:
Reference: HP VAN SDN Controller Administrator Guide
QUESTION 15
Which OpenFlow message ensures that all previous flow mod messages have been processed by the OpenFlow switch agent and that there are no flow mod messages queued for processing from an earlier time?
A. Flush
B. Push
C. Barrier
D. Force
Correct Answer: A Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
flush()
Pushes buffered data out the Stream; this is NOT guranteed to flush all data, multiple flush() calls may be
required, until needFlush() returns false.
Reference: org.openflow.io, Interface OFMessageOutStream
QUESTION 16
Which environmental component is used to handle authentication requests to the HP VAN SDN Controller?
A. Zookeeper
B. Cassandra
C. Neutron
D. Keystone
Correct Answer: D Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
The SDN controller uses Openstack Keystone as an identity management for managing users, generating tokens, as well as token validation.
Reference: HP VAN SDN Controller Administrator Guide
QUESTION 17
What are two challenges when planning to implement a BYOD environment? (Select two.)
A. device state unknown
B. device software inspection
C. device not under central control
D. device CA enrollment
E. device inventory control
Correct Answer: BD Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
* HP identifies the following main BYOD security challenges:
(B)
Protecting the network from malware
(D)
Providing secure access to the network
Scaling the network to meet demand
Ensuring an optimized Wi-Fi experience
* The top BYOD security concerns for enterprise companies are:
+
loss of company or client data (picked by 67%)
+
(D) unauthorized access to company data or systems (57%) + (B) users downloading app or content with embedded security exploits (47%) + (B) malware infections (45%)
+
and lost or stolen devices (41%)
Reference: Bring your own device (BYOD), FAQs http://h17007.www1.hp.com/docs/byod/faq_4AA4-5466ENW.pdf
QUESTION 18
Which HP IMC SDN Manager functionality provides a logical overview of the OpenFlow network?
A. SDN Manager reports
B. SDN Manager dashboard
C. SDN Manager flow entry management
D. SDN Manager OpenFlow topology
Correct Answer: B Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
HP IMC Dashboard figure:
My Network view (within SDN Manager Dashboard):
Reference: Review: HP Intelligent Management Center (IMC)
QUESTION 19
A network environment consists of multiple switches. Some of the switches are configured for OpenFlow 1.0, and some of the switches are configured for OpenFlow 1.3. These switches are configured to communicate with an HP VAN SDN Controller. What is the result of the negotiation?
A. All OpenFlow switches successfully negotiate to use OpenFlow 1.3 with the controller, and OpenFlow
1.0 switches ignore OpenFlow 1.3 extensions.
B. OpenFlow 1.3 switches successfully negotiate to use OpenFlow 1.3 with the controller, and the OpenFlow 1.0 switches fail to connect
C. All switches negotiate to use OpenFlow 1.0 as the highest common version.
D. OpenFlow 1.3 switches negotiate to use OpenFlow 1.3, and OpenFlow 1.0 switches negotiate to use OpenFlow 1.0.
Correct Answer: D Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
The controller:
Supports multiple OpenFlow versions at the same time.
Negotiates with each OpenFlow switch for the highest common
OpenFlow version between the switch and controller.
Reference: HP VAN SDN Controller and Applications Support Matrix, Supported OpenFlow versions
QUESTION 20
A switch connects to the HP VAN SDN Controller, which has the HP Network Protector SDN Application installed. These are the switch details:
Switch: 3800-24G-2XG Firmware: KA15.14.003
OpenFlow negotiated: 1.3
Which channel will be used for communication with the HP Network Protector application?
A. OpenFlow Channel
B. Normal Forwarding
C. Service Insertion Tunnel
D. GRE Tunnel
Correct Answer: A Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
The application uses the switch firmware information to decide if the communication with the switch is through OpenFlow channel or through the application Insertion tunnel. For firmware versions K.15.14 and lower, the application communicates with the switch through OpenFlow channel. For firmware versions KA.15.15.0015 and greater, the application can communicate with the switch either through OpenFlow channel or Service Insertion tunnels.
Reference: HP Network Protector SDN Application Administrator Guide
QUESTION 21
An HP Provision switch loses its OpenFlow connection to the HP VAN SDN Controller. How is traffic processed by default if no controller teaming is configured?
A. Packets and messages destined to the controller are dropped. Flows continue to expire according to their time-outs. This is because the default setting on HP Provision switches is fail- standalone.
B. Packets and messages of new flows behave as a legacy switch or router would. Existing flows of this OpenFlow instance are removed. This is because the default setting on HP Provision switches is fail-standalone.
C. Packets and messages of new flows behave as a legacy switch or router would. Existing flows of this OpenFlow instance are removed. This is because the default setting on HP Provision switches is fail-secure.
D. Packets and messages destined to the controller are dropped. Flows continue to expire according to their time-outs. This is because the default setting on HP Provision switches is fail- secure.
Correct Answer: D Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
OpenFlow instance connection interruption mode
You can set the type of behavior when the switch loses connection with the controller.
OpenFlow instance connection interruption mode
fail-secure
If the switch loses connection with all of the controllers, packets and messages destined to the current
controller are dropped. Flows continue to expire according to their time-outs.
Default: fail-secure
Reference: HP OpenFlow Switches
(page 21)
http://h20628.www2.hp.com/km-ext/kmcsdirect/emr_na-c03512348-4.pdf
QUESTION 22
An administrator wants the switches to forward traffic in the legacy mode. If all the controllers fail, which action should the administrator take?
A. Install a packetin rule as the lowest priority rule in the flow table.
B. Configure the instance to fail in standalone mode.
C. Install a packet_out rule as the lowest priority rule in the flow table.
D. Configure the instance to fail in interruption mode.
Correct Answer: B Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
OpenFlow instance connection interruption mode
You can set the type of behavior when the switch loses connection with the controller.
fail-standalone
If the switch loses connection with all of the controllers, packets and messages of new flows behave as a
legacy switch or router would. Existing flows of this OpenFlow instance are removed.
Reference: HP OpenFlow Switches
(page 21)
http://h20628.www2.hp.com/km-ext/kmcsdirect/emr_na-c03512348-4.pdf
QUESTION 23
Refer to the exhibit.
An SDN developer has tried use RSDoc to dis-cover the datapaths in the network. However, the error in the exhibit is displayed. Why is an error returned rather than the datapaths?
A. RSDoc does not support the submission of datapath requests until a token has been received oURL.
B. A username and password has not been submitted to the controller via RSDoc.
C. A Service Token has been submitted to the controller via the Token field in RSDoc.
D. An Auth Token has not been submitted to the controller via the Token field in RSDoc.
Correct Answer: D Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
This is an AuthenticationException.
Note: The SDN controller relies on token-based authentication to authenticate its REST APIs. In other words, all REST APIs except the /auth and /rsdoc APIs require an authentication token embedded in an “X-Auth-Token” header to be included with each REST request. The /auth API allows you to obtain a token, while the /rsdoc API provides live REST API documentation information about the controller’s REST API.
Reference: HP VAN SDN Controller Administrator Guide
QUESTION 24
An HP VAN SDN Controller team is configured consisting of three controllers, using default settings.
The first controller is configured with IP address 10.1.1.1 and priority 10. The second controller is
configured with IP address 10.1.1.2 and priority 20.
The third controller is configured with IP address 10.1.1.3 and priority 30.
Currently the third controller (IP address 10.1.1.3) is the leader device. An administrator reboots the third
controller.
Which controller will be the leader once this controller comes back online?
A. the controller with the IP address 10.1.1.3
B. the controller with the IP address 10.1.1.1
C. the controller with the IP address 10.1.1.2
D. The leader role will be shared amongst all team members.
Correct Answer: C Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Once a team is configured, the configuration and monitoring of team members and their associated OpenFlow switches is performed by the team manager. If the team manager goes down, the controller with the next highest priority in the team configuration becomes the team manager.
Note: Team Management Each controller belonging to a team is a team member. To centralize team management and control, one controller is designated as the team manager. Teaming is configured on one controller and is automatically propagated to the other controllers in the team, regardless of which controller becomes the team manager.
Reference: HP VAN SDN Controller Administrator Guide
QUESTION 25
Refer to the exhibit.
Mininet is being used by a developer to test an OpenFlow RESTful API application developed in Python. The developer is able to view the switches in the OpenFlow topology diagram shown in the exhibit, but no hosts are displayed in the topology diagram. The same behavior is seen when making a RESTful API call for nodes via the RESTful API. Switch information is provided via API calls from the HP VAN SDN Controller, but no nodes are shown.
What is a possible issue?
A. Traffic needs to be sent by the Mininet nodes before they will be discovered by the HP VAN SDN Controller.
B. The developer is using the incorrect API calls and needs to ensure that tokens are sent when requesting information from the HP VAN SDN Controller
C. OpenFlow communication between Mininet and the HP VAN SDN Controller is not functioning correctly. Wireshark can be used to aid with troubleshooting the OpenFlow communication.
D. The Topology Service has been stopped on the HP VAN SDN Controller and needs to be started.
Correct Answer: D Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
The Topology service is used to create a network graph and compute the shortest path between two hosts.
Note: Mininet is a network emulator that can create and emulate an entire OpenFlow network locally on
your PC.
Incorrect:
Not C: No need to analyze packages.
Wireshark is a free and open-source packet analyzer. It is used for network troubleshooting, analysis,
software and communications protocol development, and education.
Reference: HP VAN SDN Controller Administrator Guide
QUESTION 26
A single HP VAN SDN Controller is used to control OpenFlow enabled switches that operate in virtualization mode. An internal application is installed on the controller that redirects classified traffic to a specific VLAN. The connection between the controller and the network is lost. The HP OpenFlow enabled
switches’ connection interruption mode is set to standalone mode.
What is the forwarding behavior of the OpenFlow enabled switches?
A. Based on the timeout values, the flow entries age out, and only OpenFlow traffic is discarded
B. All flow entries are removed, and traffic is forwarded using normal switch processing.
C. All flow entries are set not to age out, and the classified traffic is still redirected.
D. Based on the timeout values, the flow entries are removed from the flow tables, and all traffic is discarded on the switches.
Correct Answer: B Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
OpenFlow instance connection interruption mode You can set the type of behavior when the switch loses connection with the controller. fail-standalone If the switch loses connection with all of the controllers, packets and messages of new flows behave as a legacy switch or router would. Existing flows of this OpenFlow instance are removed.
Reference: HP OpenFlow Switches
(page 21) http://h20628.www2.hp.com/km-ext/kmcsdirect/emr_na-c03512348-4.pdf
QUESTION 27
Refer to the exhibit
A team of HP VAN SDN Controllers has been configured using the controllers shown in the exhibit. Which controller will become the team leader by default?
A. 192.168.56.2
B. 192.168.56.7
C. 192.168.56.5
D. 192.168.56.6
Correct Answer: C Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
The controller with the highest priority.
Once a team is configured, the configuration and monitoring of team members and their associated OpenFlow switches is performed by the team manager. If the team manager goes down, the controller with the next highest priority in the team configuration becomes the team manager.
Note: Team Management Each controller belonging to a team is a team member. To centralize team management and control, one controller is designated as the team manager. Teaming is configured on one controller and is automatically
propagated to the other controllers in the team, regardless of which controller becomes the team manager. Reference: HP VAN SDN Controller Administrator Guide
QUESTION 28
Refer to exhibit.
Which HP VAN SDN Controller interface can a network administrator use to troubleshoot the southbound interface of the controller and displays the output shown in the exhibit?
A. Audit Log
B. OpenFlow Monitor
C. OpenFlow Tracer
D. Dissector Correct Answer: C
Explanation Explanation/Reference:
The OpenFlow Tracer is a built-in packet sniffer similar to Wireshark.
Incorrect:
Not Openflow Monitor:
QUESTION 29
Refer to the exhibit.
OpenFlow has been enabled on an HP switch and is communicating with an HP VAN SDN Controller The network administrator has checked the switch flow table entries via the controller graphical user interface, but is unsure of the format. The administrator has taken a screenshot and sent you a copy. Why does the flow table display n/a?
A. The switch has negotiated to use OpenFlow 1.0 with the controller for this instance.
B. The switch has negotiated to use OpenFlow 1.3 with the controller for this instance,
C. The switch has negotiated to use standard mode with the controller for this OpenFlow instance.
D. The switch has negotiated to use ip-control-table-mode with the controller for this OpenFlow instance.
Correct Answer: A Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
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